This paper proposes a data-driven identification of bank outputs and inputs using the directional technology distance function. While previous applications of this tool used symmetric expansion or ...

The simplified approach makes it easier to see how neural networks produce the outputs they do. A tweak to the way artificial neurons work in neural networks could make AIs easier to decipher ...

Many production activities generate undesirable outputs in conjunction with the desirable outputs. In this paper we present the first estimates of a multiple-input, multiple-output directional ...