Martin Stervander, , , Arne Andersson, Timing of Spring Migration in Birds: Long-Term Trends, North Atlantic Oscillation and the Significance of Different Migration Routes, Journal of Avian Biology, ...

Even more striking is the relation to a large-scale phenomenon, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), during the last four decades. Again, in 23 out of the 24 species, an earlier msp-time coincides ...