Forget GPS. With no fancy maps or even brains, immune system cells can solve a simple version of the traveling-salesman problem, a computational conundrum that has vexed mathematicians for decades.

We report the solution to optimality of ten large-scale symmetric travelling salesman problems. The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the standard problems of the Operations ...

Figure 1: Traveling Salesman Problem Using an Evolutionary Algorithm in Action This article assumes you have intermediate or better programming skill but doesn't assume you know anything about ...

A tool called linear programming allows us to do just that by assigning fractions to roads that join pairs of cities rather than deciding immediately whether to use a road or not.

The goal of a combinatorial optimization problem is to find a set of distinct integer values that minimizes some cost function. The most famous example is the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). There ...